Genetic polymorphisms in AHR and CYP1A2 are associated with habitual caffeine consumption and are modified by age and smoking
Artículo académicoProfesión de escritor
Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) from populations of European decent have identified polymorphisms in AHR and CYP1A2 that are associated with caffeine/coffee intake. We examined whether these polymorphisms in AHR (rs6968865 and rs4410790) and CYP1A2 (rs2472297 and rs2470893) were associated with caffeine consumption in a Costa Rican population. Subjects (n=4,612) were participants from a case-control study of gene-diet interactions and myocardial infarction. Those with hypertension (n=1,692), or missing information on genotype (n=389), caffeine intake (n=4) or smoking status (n=4) were excluded. Sequenom MassARRAY was used for genotyping, and caffeine intake was assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire. Compared to those consuming <100 mg/d of caffeine, subjects consuming >400 mg/d were more likely to be carriers of the T, C or T allele for rs6968865, rs4410790 and rs2472297, respectively. The corresponding odds ratios (OR [95% CI]) were 1.41 (1.03–1.93), 1.41 (1.04–1.92) and 1.55 (1.01–2.36). The multivariate-adjusted ORs (95% CI) for rs6968865 were 1.44 (1.03–2.00) for all subjects, 1.75 (1.16–2.65) for non-smokers and 1.15 (0.58–2.30) for smokers, and 2.42 (1.45–4.04) for >57 yrs and 1.00 (0.65–1.56) for ≤57 yrs. Our findings confirm previous results from GWAS linking polymorphisms in AHR and CYP1A2 with caffeine consumption, but only in non-smokers and older adults.
