Lyaloside, a monoterpenoid glucoindole alkaloid, was isolated from the leaves of Palicourea adusta together with a mixture of its hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, (E)-O-(6′)-cinnamoyl-4″-hydroxy-3″-methoxy-lyaloside and (E)-O-(6′)-cinnamoyl-4″-hydroxy-3″,5″-dimethoxy-lyaloside, which have been separated for the first time by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Their molecular weights were determined by HPLC electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and further identification of the structures was carried out by spectroscopic methods.
This paper aims to examine reproductive patterns of immigrants in Spain and to assess to what extent these patterns differ from those of the native Spanish population, using the migration and reproductive biographies collected in the 2007 National Survey of Immigrants. Our results show that, although fertility timing diverges considerably among groups, immigrants’ level of fertility differs little from that of Spaniards, except in the case of North African women (3.5 children per woman in 2004-2006). Immigrants’ contribution to Spain’s total fertility rate is quite modest: 6.6%. The paper also examines the complex interactions between migration and fertility, testing some of the common hypotheses in the literature. African women have a peak of high fertility shortly after arrival in Spain, particularly if they migrate for family reasons or if they were married before migration. The rest of the immigrant groups have a very low fertility rate in the year prior to migration and, once in Spain, they maintain moderately low fertility rates. Women who migrated for work purposes and women who already had children in the country of origin have significantly lower fertility during their first years in Spain that the rest of immigrant women.
